Wednesday, April 29, 2009

Dice - Total Seven


"The numbers on opposite sides of a die always add up to seven."

A die (plural dice, from Old French dé, from Latin datum "something given or played") is a small polyhedral object, usually cubic, used for generating random numbers or other symbols. This makes dice suitable as gambling devices, especially for craps or sic bo, or for use in non-gambling tabletop games.
A traditional die is a cube (often with corners slightly rounded), marked on each of its six faces with a different number of circular patches or pits called pips. All of these pips have the same appearance within a pair, or larger set of dice, and are sized for ease of recognizing the pattern formed by the pips on a face. The design as a whole is aimed at each die providing one randomly determined integer, in the range from one to six, with each of those values being equally likely.
The invention of dicing is attributed to India by some accounts. Some of the earliest archaeological evidence of oblong gambling dice have been found in Harrapan sites such as Kalibangan, Lothal, Roparand surrounding areas dating back to the third millennium BCE, which were used for gambling.
The oblong or cubical dice (akṣa) is the precursor of the more primitive vibhīṣaka—small, hard nuts drawn randomly to obtain factors of a certain integer. Early references to the dicing can be found in theṚg Veda (c. early 2nd millennium BCE) as well as the newer Atharva Veda (c. late 2nd millennium ~ early 1st millennium BCE). It is also mentioned in the great Hindu epic, the Mahabharata, whereYudhisthira plays a game of dice against the Kauravas for the northern kingdom of Hastinapura.

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